Type of Publication: Article in Collected Edition

Investigating the Influence of Gaze- and Context-Adaptive Head-up Displays on Take-Over Requests

Author(s):

Detjen, Henrik; Faltaous, Sarah; Keppel, Jonas; Prochazka, Marvin; Gruenefeld, Uwe; Sadeghian, Shadan; Schneegass, Stefan

Editor:

Acm

Title of Anthology:

AutomotiveUI '22: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications

Publication Date:

2022

Language:

English

Keywords:

Automated Vehicles; Head-up Displays; Take-Over Requests; SAE Level 3; Gaze-Interaction; Warning Cue Design; Warning Continuity

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

doi:10.1145/3543174.3546089

Link to complete version:

https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546089

Citation:

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Abstract

In Level 3 automated vehicles, preparing drivers for take-over requests (TORs) on the head-up display (HUD) requires their repeated attention. Visually salient HUD elements can distract attention from potentially critical parts in a driving scene during a TOR. Further, attention is (a) meanwhile needed for non-driving-related activities and can (b) be over-requested. In this paper, we conduct a driving simulator study (N=12), varying required attention by HUD warning presence (absent vs. constant vs. TOR-only) across gaze-adaptivity (with vs. without) to fit warnings to the situation. We found that (1) drivers value visual support during TORs, (2) gaze-adaptive scene complexity reduction works but creates a benefit-neutralizing distraction for some, and (3) drivers perceive constant HUD warnings as annoying and distracting over time. Our findings highlight the need for (a) HUD adaptation based on user activities and potential TORs and (b) sparse use of warning cues in future HUD designs.